AIDS-Infected Orphans Essay - 1651 Words

The epidemic of HIV has affected another epidemic, Orphans. The UN says that in 2010 there will be about 53.1million orphans and more than 15 million will be because their one or both parents died from HIV/AIDS (orphans in Africa project). In 2008, around 430,000 children under the age of 14 were infected with HIV (Queiroz, Africa a continent of orphans). Children that are abandoned by their parents become are emotionally traumatized. (AIDS orphans) This creates a problem with their psychological state. (AIDS orphans) Another reason why children has psychological problems after the death of their parent is because in school kids might taunt or harass them (Children orphaned from AIDS) Why a psychological can effect orphans lives is that†¦show more content†¦Lastly children should be either given up for adoption or sent to orphanage. A reasonable way to try to solve the problem of orphans affected by AIDS is to stay with the status quo, what the world is try to do right now. There are international organizations such as UNICEF and Save the Children Fund, to help AIDS-affected orphans. In Uganda, there is an organization called Uweso that gives emergency material support and vocational training for orphans (Children orphaned from AIDS). In Cà ´te dIvoire, the International Catholic Child Bureau helps orphans in foster homes and gives training and assistance (Children orphaned from AIDS). Also in Kenya and Tanzania, the African Development Foundation funds farm projects and secondary education, and housing for AIDS-affects families. With so many projects it would seem that AIDS-affected orphans would not be a problem. But with such projects are not carried out on the scale that is needed (Children orphaned from AIDS). Most programs only help less than a hundred children at one time. In countries like Thailand, Uganda and Zambia where there are hundreds of thousands of children that are affected. There is also an organization called SOS children’s villages. SOS helps children with try to prevent HIV to be spread. They support orphan households and households where there are terminally-ill parents (AIDS Orphans in Africa). They give care to the most helpless children, and makeShow MoreRelatedLife in South Africa Before and After Apartheid 2891 Words   |  4 PagesLife in South Africa before and after Apartheid AIDS in South Africa 1. Why did I choose this topic? Personal interest I chose this topic because I find it quite interesting. My lack of knowledge I had only heard a little about how many people are infected with AIDS and HIV, and that it’s a problem that there isn’t a way to stop it, but I didn’t knew that much. So I decided it would be a great topic to investigate. Feeling sorry and wanting to help through more focus on the topic I feel veryRead More The Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa Essay examples1398 Words   |  6 PagesThis study focuses mainly on the causes and effects of this virus in Africa. HIV is an ongoing battle in many different parts of the world, but it has not affected any other country as strongly and perniciously than in Africa. Out of the 3 million AIDS deaths worldwide, 2.2 million deaths have occurred in Africa. Although the condom is an effective way to prevent the infection of HIV, in many African societies, women are expected and taught to subordinate their own interest to those of their partnersRead MoreHuman Immune Deficiency Virus ( Hiv )1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lives of infected individuals and their families1. The region of sub-Saharan Africa, which constitutes 11% of the world’s population, is reported to be disproportionately affected by HIV and the disease known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)2. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection that can spread by contact with infected blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breast-feeding. Sometimes, individuals with HIV infection will develop AIDS3. AIDS is a chronicRead More2.0 Impacts of HIV/AIDS 2.1 Economic - Healthcare 2.1.1 Human Capital Good health is an element of600 Words   |  3 Pages2.0 Impacts of HIV/AIDS 2.1 Economic - Healthcare 2.1.1 Human Capital Good health is an element of human capital and is an essential ingredient for a productive population. HIV/AIDS influences economic growth by dropping the accessibility of labor. Devoid of proper nutrition, health care and medication is available in developing countries, whereas a large number of people are falling victim to AIDS. 2.1.2 Increased Demand for Health Care People living with HIV/AIDS will not only be unable to workRead MoreHIV/AIDS in Botswana.1525 Words   |  7 Pageswith AIDS in 2003 (AIDS and HIV Statistics for Africa). In Botswana alone, the AIDS prevalence rate is an immense 36.5% (HIV and AIDS in Botswana). In Botswana, AIDS has been an ongoing epidemic since the first case reported in 1985 (HIV and AIDS in Botswana). AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which weakens a person s immune system causing them to be more susceptible to infectious diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, the flu, and many other diseases. Though AIDS does notRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1472 Words   |  6 PagesHIV/AIDS is the major ongoing issue attacking sub-Saharan Africa. The damage caused by HIV/AIDS strips families, communities, and increases poverty. In Kenya, the plague has mainly targeted those in the fertile and reproductive age groups. According to estimates by the United Nations of AIDS (UNAIDS), â€Å"Indication of 2 2.5 million people were living with HIV in Africa, over 1.6 million people were estimated to have died from this syndrome, and well over 11 million children have been orphaned by AIDSRead MoreHiv And Aids : A Serious Disease1395 Words   |  6 Pages HIV and AIDS is a very serious disease in this world and will continue to fester within our population because of ignorance and lack of knowledge about this infection. AIDS is recognized as an international health catastrophe. It is the first outlandish and unique widespread of communicable diseases. People with AIDS acquire many different kinds of diseases which the body would usually fight off easily but this illness breaks down the body’s defenses. AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV, whichRead MoreImpacts Of HIV And AIDS2002 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The emergence of HIV and AIDs in the early 1980s has led to untold public health, socio-economic and demographic challenges. Describe the impact of HIV/AIDs on individua ls, family and the community under the following headings Educational, Economic, Social, Demographic, Psycho-emotional, Religious ECONOMIC Countries with high national debts and low GNP such as Mozambique experience greater difficulties in providing the care and support to the infected and affected. HIV/AIDS results in greater numberRead MoreEffect of Gender on Self-Esteem in China1432 Words   |  6 PagesXia). Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children in China Another study provided further support to the general assumption on the importance of attachment relationship with caregivers by children in the latters psychosocial development (Zhao et al, 2011). It sought to investigate the relationship between parental loss, a trusting relationship with caregivers, and the psychosocial adjustment of HIV-stricken children in China. The researchers gathered cross-sectional data from 755 AIDS orphans 296 doubleRead More HIV/AIDS Testing: A Wake Up Call Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesThirty years ago, the AIDS, â€Å"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome†, was not a well-known disease and infected people by that disease were not quarantined, because of lack of information about the disease. The medical scholars explained that AIDS is the culmination of the virus onset, HIV, â€Å"human immunodeficiency virus†. Currently, the infected people with complications, emaciation, diarrhea, tuberculosis, cancer, fever, vomiting, cannot meet togeth er what ever the occasion, birthday party, first communion

Special Education Or Remedial Education Is A Program Designed

Special Education or Remedial Education is a program designed to help children who have learning disabilities and mental challenges. Special Education can be very beneficial for certain students; however, because of the diversity within a Special Education classroom students are rarely getting the correct level of education that they need. Most students do not end up not getting the specialized help they need and eventually fall through the cracks. This, along with many other problems, need to fixed. If these very serious issues within the system are not handled, then the Special Education system will fail. An example of problems within a Remedial Education class is evident in just about every school statewide. There are students in†¦show more content†¦Often times teachers will put things of IEP’s that are not one hundred percent accurate and makes the parents believe that their child is doing better than they actually are. They do this because IEP’s can refl ect back on how well the teacher is doing, for example, if a student has been reading at a kindergarten level all through elementary school and shown no improvement obviously something is wrong. The blame, however, cannot all be placed on the teachers; it is also on the lack of funding. In fact, teachers often times have a harder time than they should acquiring a students IEP report. They are kept not with the teachers, but in the office and even so they are rarely brought at to look through. They are merely a file filler just to have them so they do not get in trouble for not having them. Most of the time the only different from student to student involving their IEP is their name and cognitive ability. For the most part the same goals are set for each student. If the one thing that is supposed to help teachers educate their students is not getting used, how can there be any hope? Funding for Special Education has always been exceptionally low. This is mainly because the federal government leaves it to the states, which in return leave it to the school districts. The money that they use towards Special Education is based on how many students are in the program within the di strict. MostShow MoreRelatedSpecial Education Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Special Education In ancient Greece and Rome there are isolated examples of caring for and treating disabled individuals, although those instances are thought to be family members taking care of their own family. Typically early societies shunned people who were considered different. During the Middle Ages the church provided care for physically or mentally impaired people. The development of techniques associated with special education of today did not emerge until the Renaissance eraRead MoreJudicial Process Research Paper1738 Words   |  7 PagesDaniella Roldan Cole Taratoot November 14, 2017 Introduction to Law and Judicial Process Paper Assignment Milliken v. 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Southeast Asia Free Essays

2. What are some of the ways in which power manifests itself in Southeast Asia? Illustrate your answer with at least 3 examples. The concept of power is one that has existed in Southeast Asia for a long period of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Southeast Asia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unlike that of the Western regions, where power is more of a concept and is intangible, power in Southeast Asia is more concrete and real. Power is defined as the possession of control or command over others (Dictionary. com, n. d. In the context of Southeast Asia, power is gained through control of powerful items or valuable resources, as this would usually translate to wealth, a higher position within the social hierarchy, and hence more command over other people. In Southeast Asia, the focus is on accumulating more command and control, instead of just exercising it. Due to the long history of trade and migration within Southeast Asia itself, these concepts have inevitably become a coherent and homogenous one. My essay will seek to show the various ways that power is manifested, particularly in three different levels within a nation state. Firstly, power exists on a national level via certain nation state political models. Secondly, within a nation state, power manifests in different groups of religions, as religious beliefs have influenced how they attempt to both acquire and accumulate power. Thirdly, power exists among individuals, in the idea of merit and social mobility throughout one’s social hierarchy. Firstly, the most evident way that power is manifested in Southeast Asia is on a national level, through nation states’ political systems. One such political system is the mandala system, where power is centralized and drawn towards the sacred core. One might imagine this visually as a series of concentric ever widening circles, with state authority fading as the circles widen. What mattered was the sacred centre, not the borders (Tambiah, 1970). This political system was typically found in Pre-colonial nation states in Southeast Asia. For example, in the 13th Century, King Suryavarman II spread its Mandala polity throughout the state of Angkor by building the renowned ‘Angkor Wat’ among many monasteries and temples in the centre of the state (Dellios, 2003). Thereafter, advantaged by its location on the northwest shore, Angkor relied successfully on trade of its wet-rice agriculture to produce great amounts of wealth, enough to support a population of a million people (Dellios, 2003) In this aspect, power is recognised in the form of wealth, as many people saw ‘Angkor Wat’ and its surrounding temples as the sacred centre that drew the wealth towards the core of its nation. Because Angkor Wat was built by King Suryavarman II, many people also acknowledged him as a manifestation of god, someone with immense power. In a mandala polity where power diffuses further away from the centre, these people tried to get closer to the centre, hence giving King Suryavarman II even more command and power over them. A more recent example of a region following the mandala system can be found along the Thai-Burmese border, where the Akha, a tribal upland ethnic minority, reside (Tooker, 1996). Under Thai law, the lands which the Akha and other upland groups occupy are owned by instead owned by the state. This insinuates that power is directed towards the centre, in the lowlands where the state resides. On the other hand, the Akha, who reside by the highlands and are thus further away from the centre, have much lesser power. For instance, the Akhas suffered from occasional forced labour, extortion by government officials and forced migration (Tooker, 1996) by the state. In this context, the state has command over the Akha tribe and this allowed them to control the Arkas’ resources, such as human labour, and wealth in the form of money. This is thus consistent with the mandala model, whereby the centre is most crucial and the borders are less important because power is drawn to the core. Furthermore, villages surrounding this state tend to be aligned such that their hierarchically highest individual, the ‘founder-chief’ is centrally located within their village (Tooker, 1996) . They believed this would usher in prosperity because it was aligned with that of the cosmos, which in this case was associated to the central core of the state itself. This reinforces another characteristic of the mandala political model, the patchwork construction; where smaller centres surrounding the core could preserve a greater deal of autonomy for acknowledging the potency of the central state. Secondly, looking within a state itself, power is also manifested among different religions in Southeast Asia, as religious beliefs have continually influenced the way southeast Asians try to both acquire and accumulate command and control. One way is through the acquisition of sacred or mythical objects, which they believed were associated with power. An example of such an object is the kris, a unique ancestral dagger with a wavy blade, which was considered the paramount prestige weapon across many religions in pre-independence Indonesia, particularly in the Binamese culture (Hitchcock, 1987). Here, the kris was seen to contain magical and sacred powers, believed to be bestowed by the gods, making it a sacred object that is coveted because of its devine connection. Hitchcock also noted that it was crucial for the personality of the kris to mesh positively with the personality of its owner, which i feel is important because of their aim to accumulate more power from the kris. Furthermore, in the Binamese culture, where imperial status was often inherited, the royal kris was a prized heirloom that visually depicted a genetic relationship to the former ruler (Hitchcock, 1987). In this aspect, the kris can be seen as a symbol of a ruler’s mandate to the rule. Hence, the kris can be considered as a powerful object because possessing it granted a ruler with overwhelming command and control over the people. The power of the kris is further exemplified when you consider the social status of its manufacturer, usually known as a smith, in traditional times. For instance, let us examine Java, where in the past, a smith had a very high social status, considered to be just below the government of princes and having an honoured position in court (Wrassers, 1940). Wrassers (1940) even goes a step further to examine the ancient times, where the roles of a smith and prince more or less coincided, to the point that their relationship was sometimes likened to that of brothers. Hence, we can see that a kris was considered so sacred and powerful in Java that the manufacturers association with it vaulted his social status to the very top of the hierarchy, indirectly giving him more power in the Javanese society. Another way in which religious beliefs have influenced the acquisition and accumulation of power is through certain religious practices, such as those of the Mien people of Thailand. For example, in their Mien wedding ceremonies, a medium, together with the groom and his father, are required to offer spirit-money to the ancestors by kneeling in front of a bed of corn and burning the spirit-money on it (Jonsson, 2004). These spirit-money, often made of paper, is burned and thus considered transformed into the realms of spirits. In this case, power is manifested in the form of money and wealth, as these exchanges with ancestor spirits brought honour and wealth into the spirit world and in return, urged blessings and wealth for the Mien household. The idea being that having more money and wealth would vault one higher up the social hierarchy, hence giving them more authority and control over those of a lower social status in the hierarchy. I feel that this depicts a patron-client relationship between the spiritual ancestors and the descendants of the Mien household. The spiritual ancestors, who reside in the spiritual realm, are the patrons as they possess spiritual and divine power because of their ability to bestow a household with wealth. The descendents are then the clients who benefit from this wealth bestowed upon their household, but the amount of benefits received will depend on how much resources, in this case the spirit money, they can offer these ancestors. Thirdly, power is also evident when we focus on individuals within a state itself. It exists in the idea of merit and social mobility, because merit traditionally denotes the position and degree of mobility one has within the social hierarchy (Adams Gillogy, 2011, p. 5) One is in a disadvantageous social position if he or she lacks merit, but the more merit one accumulated, the greater ability he had to move up the social hierarchy and gain power and control over those below this social hierarchy. In Thailand, merit is directly linked to the amount of resources that one owns. Thus the two ways to move up the social hierarchy is either through accumulating more resources independently, or forming a patron-client relationship with another possessing greater resources than yourself (Adams Gillogy, 2011, p. 2). It is a patron-client relationship because the leader has to reciprocate the benefits he accepted from the client. Forming this patron-client relationship is usually preferred as it is much easier. When many such relationships are formed with the same patron, the resources of the group increase and they grow in size and stability, hence denoting more merit and power within the social hierarchy. Adams and Gillogy (2001) also noted that the resources are first distributed to those close to the leader, and diminishes down the scale. Hence, we can see that social mobility is prevalent as individuals can ascend from the bottom of the Thai social hierarchy as long as he could find the correct patron and accumulate sufficient merit in the form of resources. This idea of merit and social mobility also exists in Laos, where merit is linked directly to wealth, and the most effective way of obtaining merit is through doing virtuous and moral deeds. This is because Laotians believe that wealth can beget to wealth via the mechanism of merit. One example would be religious offerings, such as daily offering of food to the monks or grand donations to sponsor temple buildings (Adams Gillogy, 2011, p. 41) . They hope that their donations will increase their merit, thus bringing them wealth and other positive outcomes, in this and the next life. This possibly explains why large donations are rarely anonymous, as the donor wants to be recognised for his contribution and eventually accumulate as much merit as possible. Hence, we can see that in this context, obtaining merit is important for Laotians because it increases their wealth and ultimately gives them an opportunity to move up the social hierarchy, thus gaining control over those now below them. This is also consistent with the idea of social mobility, in that it is not difficult to move up the social hierarchy in Laos as long as one accumulates sufficient merit. In retrospect, looking at modern Southeast Asia, while some new ideas of power have been introduced, such as those in the form of nuclear weapons and fear, some of these traditional ideas are still very relevant today. For example, elements of a sacred centre and religious beliefs exist till this day in Thailand. Sitting in the middle of the grand palace of Bangkok is the Emerald Buddha of Thailand. This key relic was captured from a Lao king by a Thai king in the 18th century and has since served as a marker of the Thai monarchy (Adams Gillogy, 2011). It is a sacred relic with a history that both represents and embodies the king of Thailand’s power because the Buddha is seen as divine and sacred in Buddhism, Thailand’s main religion. In conclusion, power manifests differently across the three different levels of a nation state. Firstly through political models of a nation state itself, secondly through religious influences of a religion within the nation state, and lastly in the idea of merit and social mobility among individuals of the nation state. However, even though they manifest in different ways, ultimately the aim of accumulating more command and control is still unanimous throughout Southeast Asia. Total Word Count: 1996 Words ? Bibliography Adams, Gillogy. (2011). Everyday life in Southeast Asia. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Dellios, R. (2003). Mandala: From Sacred Origins to Soereign affairs in traditional Southeast Asia. Gold Coast, Australia: Bond University : School of Humanities and Social Sciences : Centre for East-West Cultural and Economic Studies. Dictionary. com. (n. d. ). Power. Retrieved Retrieved September 13 2012, from http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/power Hitchcock, M. (1987). The Binamese Kris: Aesthetics and Social Value. Bijdragen tot de Taal-,Land-en Volkenkunde , 125-140. Jonsson, H. (2004). Mien Alter-Natives in Thai Modernity. Anthropological Quaterly Vol 77, No. 4 , 673-704. Tambiah, S. (1970). Buddhism and the spirit cults in North-east Thailand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tooker, D. E. (1996). Putting the Mandala in its Place: A Practice-based Approach to the Spatialization of Power on the Southeast Asian ‘Periphery’ — The Case of Akha. The Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 55, No. 2 , 328-358. Wrassers, W. H. (1940). On the Javanese Kris. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie Deel 99, 4de Afl , 501-582. How to cite Southeast Asia, Essay examples

Mona Lisa Smile free essay sample

We can identify functionalist and feminist approaches in movie ‘Mona Lisa Smile. ’ To begin with, functionalism defends that gender differences, which are biologically inherited, between male and female contribute to social harmony and maintenance of family in terms of division of labour. Men and women must carry out such tasks which are corresponded to their sexuality. According to this, women should concentrate on home and family relationships while men perform outside as a â€Å"breadwinner†. In movie, we can see that girls are grown to provide great comfort, care and security to their husbands and children. Despite their well-education and brightness, they also believe that the systematical functionalist idea: â€Å"the roles you were born to fill. † The fact that â€Å"no woman chooses to live without home† is general sight of these girls, especially the best advocator of this: Betty Warren. Betty, her mother and many conservative women called women’s tasks as a wife and mother: ‘to work for Lady Liberty’. We will write a custom essay sample on Mona Lisa Smile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They believe that ‘it is their duty and obligation to make good enough their place in the home and have an influence on children that will carry their traditions into the future’ which is the greatest reflection of functionalism approach. Also, Betty Warren is opponent of free way of thinking. For example, she always discusses with her friend Giselle and blames her because of her lax moral and she leads to fire of Amanda with her article in school newspaper by revealing Amanda’s contraceptive supply to students as a school nurse. According to her, these kinds of behaviors are not conformable to a woman’s nature and future expectation. In contrast; feminism advocates that there should not be discrimination between male and female and their division of labour that is resulted from their sexual characteristics. It also opposes to dependence of women to their husbands’ life. According to this approach, women should not accept the men’s exploitation on their free domestic labour in the home. Katherine Watson, the instructor of art history, is defender of feminism in movie. Although all faculties criticize her way of life and perception of independency of women, she continues to live as she believes. She also encourages the students to see their potential to be independent women. According to her, women’s life should not be shaped around marriage because women can form their family and business life at the same time. With her strong belief and slide show that reveals some newspaper advertisements which are related to the role of women in society, she affected many of her students, even Betty. In summary, both approaches can be identified with their representatives in movie.